{"id":723,"date":"2014-08-04T18:28:29","date_gmt":"2014-08-04T17:28:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/?p=3618"},"modified":"2022-01-04T21:10:28","modified_gmt":"2022-01-04T20:10:28","slug":"parler-agir-avec-un-corps-cerveau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/2014\/08\/04\/parler-agir-avec-un-corps-cerveau\/","title":{"rendered":"Parler-agir avec un corps-cerveau"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-3619\" title=\"Non-Verbal-Communication\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Non-Verbal-Communication.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"112\" height=\"110\" \/><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 bat son plein et donne \u00e0 ce blogue un peu plus de libert\u00e9 c\u00f4t\u00e9 forme. Pas d\u2019\u00e9tudes r\u00e9cents r\u00e9sum\u00e9es ici cette semaine donc, mais trois lectures d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 avec certaines affinit\u00e9s, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es \u00e0 partir d\u2019autant d\u2019extraits.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Le premier nous rappelle ce qui a fait s\u2019arracher les cheveux \u00e0 toute une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de scientifiques qui ne juraient que par <span style=\"color: #008080;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lecerveau.mcgill.ca\/flash\/i\/i_12\/i_12_p\/i_12_p_con\/i_12_p_con.html#3\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">l\u2019approche cognitiviste <\/span><\/a><\/span>en intelligence artificielle : ce que les anglo-saxons appellent le \u00ab frame problem \u00bb et qui est bien \u00e9voqu\u00e9 par ce passage de la page 45 du livre <em>L\u2019analogie au c\u0153ur de la pens\u00e9e<\/em> <span style=\"color: #008080;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/blog\/2014\/07\/07\/levolution-du-langage-animal-jusqua-lanalogie\/\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">dont nous avons parl\u00e9 il y a quelques semaines<\/span><\/a><\/span> :<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab \u00c0 tout moment, nous faisons face \u00e0 une nouvelle situation. En fait, la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 est beaucoup plus complexe que cela. La v\u00e9rit\u00e9 est que, \u00e0 tout moment, nous faisons face en m\u00eame temps \u00e0 un nombre ind\u00e9fini de situations superpos\u00e9es et entrem\u00eal\u00e9es [\u2026] Bref, nous ne nous trouvons pas du tout face \u00e0 une situation, loin de l\u00e0, mais \u00e0 une multitude foisonnante de situations mal d\u00e9finies et se chevauchant, dont aucune n\u2019a de cadre pr\u00e9cis, ni dans l\u2019espace ni dans le temps. Notre pauvre cerveau assi\u00e9g\u00e9 est continuellement aux prises avec ce chaos impr\u00e9visible; il est toujours en train d\u2019essayer d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter ce qui l\u2019entoure et l\u2019envahit, de gr\u00e9 ou de force.<br \/>\nQue veut dire \u00ab interpr\u00e9ter \u00bb ? C\u2019est le d\u00e9clenchement automatique, l\u2019\u00e9vocation involontaire, de certaines cat\u00e9gories famili\u00e8res qui, une fois r\u00e9veill\u00e9es de leur \u00e9tat somnolent, nous aident \u00e0 nous orienter vis-\u00e0-vis de ce chaos. Cela se manifeste en partie par les mots qui nous viennent \u00e0 l\u2019esprit spontan\u00e9ment. \u00bb<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Cela se manifeste aussi, et sans doute avant tout par l\u2019action d\u2019un agent sur cet environnement, disent <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lecerveau.mcgill.ca\/flash\/a\/a_12\/a_12_p\/a_12_p_con\/a_12_p_con.html#varela\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">les tenants des approches incarn\u00e9es en sciences cognitives<\/span><\/a><\/span>, comme <span style=\"color: #008080;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/blog\/2012\/10\/15\/mind-in-life-une-continuite-entre-la-vie-et-la-pensee\/\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Evan Thompson<\/span><\/a><\/span> qui vient d\u2019accorder une entrevue de fond au site web <em>Tricycle <\/em>et qui r\u00e9sume l\u2019essence de la position enactive sur la gen\u00e8se du sens pour un agent plong\u00e9 dans le chaos du monde :<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEmbodied\u201d means that the rest of the body, not just the brain, is crucial; \u201caction\u201d means that agency\u2014the capacity to act in the world\u2014is central. Cognition is an expression of our bodily agency. We inhabit a meaningful world because we bring forth or enact meaning. We called this view \u201cenaction\u201d or the \u201cenactive approach.\u201d<br \/>\nIn the enactive approach, being human is a matter of inhabiting the human world of culture and shared bodily practices. Of course we need our brain to do this, but we also need that world to be in place in order for the human brain to develop properly. The brain is what philosophers call a necessary \u201cenabling condition\u201d for mind and meaning, while enculturation is a necessary enabling condition for the brain. What\u2019s important is not just what is inside the brain but what the brain is inside of\u2014the larger space of the body and culture. That is where we find mind and meaning.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9sol\u00e9 de ne pas avoir traduit, de peur d\u2019en trahir l\u2019esprit. Le mot esprit qui, justement, a toujours ces relents spiritualistes en fran\u00e7ais, ce que le mot \u00abmind\u00bb contourne plut\u00f4t bien en anglais. Et ce que dit Thompson \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019extrait, c\u2019est que le \u00ab\u00a0mind\u00a0\u00bb et la signification du monde pour quelqu\u2019un ne r\u00e9side pas seulement dans son cerveau mais dans l\u2019espace offert \u00e0 ce corps-cerveau dans un monde de significations partag\u00e9es qu\u2019on appelle la culture.<\/p>\n<p>Partage qui est rendu possible en grande partie par les mots, et c\u2019est l\u00e0 qu\u2019on revient au langage, mais pas des mots seuls puisque c\u2019est v\u00e9ritablement<span style=\"color: #008080;\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/lecerveau.mcgill.ca\/flash\/i\/i_10\/i_10_cl\/i_10_cl_lan\/i_10_cl_lan.html\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">tout le corps qui participe \u00e0 la communication langagi\u00e8re<\/span><\/a><\/span>. On savait d\u00e9j\u00e0 que parler n\u00e9cessite la mobilisation de nombreux muscles et que c\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 une forme d\u2019action chez l\u2019humain. On se rend maintenant compte qu\u2019il s\u2019agit bien davantage d\u2019une simple analogie (pour faire un clin d\u2019\u0153il au premier bouquin&#8230;) et que toute communication porteuse de culture est une action port\u00e9e par un corps-cerveau !<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0When people communicate face to face they don&rsquo;t just exchange verbal information. Rather, communication encompasses the whole body. Communication partners synchronize their body sway, and mimic or imitate each other&rsquo;s body postures and actions. They produce a multitude of manual and facial gestures that help to illustrate what is being said, show how communication partners feel, or or reveal verbal deception. [\u2026] Traditionally, communication research has neglected these parts of communication using the engineering model of signal transmission as the main theoretical metaphor. This book takes a new look at recent empirical findings in the cognitive and neurosciences, showing that the traditional approach is insufficient, and presenting a new interdisciplinary perspective, the Embodied Communication perspective.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.odilejacob.fr\/catalogue\/sciences\/neurosciences\/analogie-coeur-de-la-pensee_9782738124739.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0pt;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/i_lien.gif\" alt=\"i_lien\" width=\"15\" height=\"15\" \/> Analogie, c\u0153ur de la pens\u00e9e (L&rsquo;)<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ifaEfw2tW3Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0pt;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/i_lien.gif\" alt=\"i_lien\" width=\"15\" height=\"15\" \/> L&rsquo;ANALOGIE: COEUR DE LA PENSEE \/ Table ronde <\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tricycle.com\/interview\/embodied-mind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0pt;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/i_lien.gif\" alt=\"i_lien\" width=\"15\" height=\"15\" \/> The Embodied Mind &#8211;<br \/>\nAn interview with philosopher Evan Thompson<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/embodied-communication-in-humans-and-machines-9780199231751;jsessionid=A2CB0797F1B997E36F8AFB93A1A90896?cc=ca&amp;lang=en&amp;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0pt;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/a_lien.gif\" alt=\"a_lien\" width=\"15\" height=\"15\" \/> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Embodied Communication in Humans and Machines <\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 bat son plein et donne \u00e0 ce blogue un peu plus de libert\u00e9 c\u00f4t\u00e9 forme. Pas d\u2019\u00e9tudes r\u00e9cents r\u00e9sum\u00e9es ici cette semaine donc, mais trois lectures d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 avec certaines affinit\u00e9s, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es \u00e0 partir d\u2019autant d\u2019extraits.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[513,92,72],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/723"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=723"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2364,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/723\/revisions\/2364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}