{"id":2029,"date":"2021-08-16T15:55:54","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T14:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/?p=9563"},"modified":"2022-01-04T21:07:02","modified_gmt":"2022-01-04T20:07:02","slug":"comment-eviter-notre-tendance-naturelle-a-diviser-le-monde-entre-nous-et-eux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/2021\/08\/16\/comment-eviter-notre-tendance-naturelle-a-diviser-le-monde-entre-nous-et-eux\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment \u00e9viter notre tendance naturelle \u00e0 diviser le monde entre \u00ab\u00a0nous\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0eux\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Au retour d\u2019une semaine de cyclotourisme o\u00f9 j\u2019ai repris contact avec la nature, je reprends tranquillement contact avec\u2026 vous ! Je dis tranquillement parce que je vais me contenter de vous faire part aujourd\u2019hui de deux articles lus durant mes vacances et qui r\u00e9sonnent bien avec le d\u00e9clenchement \u00e9lectoral que viennent de subir les Canadien.nes. Et parce que je suis toujours en train de d\u2019\u00e9crire le premier jet de ce projet d\u2019\u00e9criture<\/a><\/span> dont j\u2019aimerais bien voir le bout avant la fin de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9. Et pour \u00e7a il faut du temps, d\u2019o\u00f9 la bri\u00e8vet\u00e9 de ce billet qui compl\u00e8te cet autre publi\u00e9 en juin 2020<\/a><\/span> (les deux sont de la mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re pour le contenu de mon projet…). Mais \u00e7a tombe bien parce que je vais vous laisser entre de tr\u00e8s bonnes mains, celles de Robert Sapolsky, un primatologue et neurobiologiste qui nous avait donn\u00e9 il y a quelques ann\u00e9es le superbe \u00ab Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst \u00bb, autre lecture de vacances<\/a><\/span>. Avec style et \u00e9loquence, Sapolsky d\u00e9taille, de nos origines simiesques \u00e0 nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s modernes, les innombrables facteurs qui influencent nos comportements. En particulier nos comportements identitaires, ceux qui nous font diviser le monde en \u00ab nous \u00bb et en \u00ab eux \u00bb. Et donc une chose sur laquelle les partis politiques vont beaucoup insister dans les prochaines semaines\u2026<\/p>\n

Le premier de ces deux textes en anglais est une entrevue avec Sapolsky publi\u00e9e en 2018 et qui a pour titre \u00ab\u00a0The Biology of the Modern Political Divide<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb. Avec comme sous-titre \u201cRobert Sapolsky reveals the biological basis for our most unfortunate traits\u2014and insists change is possible.\u201d<\/p>\n

On passe de citations choc d\u00e9primantes comme :<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0If you get to the point where citing \u2018thems\u2019 causes your followers to activate neurons in the insular cortex<\/a>\u2014the part of the brain that responds to viscerally disgusting things\u2014you\u2019ve finished most of your to-do list for your genocide.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00c0 des donn\u00e9es objectives comme :<\/p>\n

\u201cPrimates are hard-wired for us\/them dichotomies. Our brains detect them in less than 100 milliseconds.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Et \u00e0 des prises de position nuanc\u00e9es qui donnent un peu d\u2019espoir comme le fait que Sapolsky\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0don\u2019t really believe in free will, but [think that] we nevertheless have an obligation to try to understand our behavior and make things better.\u201d<\/p>\n

Le second texte \u00e9crit par Sapolsky et publi\u00e9 en 2017 explore aussi la question du \u201cnous versus eux\u201d mais est plus syst\u00e9matique et p\u00e9dagogique. Il s\u2019intitule \u00ab\u00a0Why Your Brain Hates Other People and How to Make It Think Differently\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/strong>\u00bb et ne manque pas de constats \u00e9tonnants, de r\u00e9sum\u00e9s d\u2019exp\u00e9riences fascinantes et de formules choc dont Sapolsky a le secret. Je vous laisse avec quelques \u00e9chantillons de celles-ci.<\/p>\n

\u201cConsiderable evidence suggests that dividing the world into Us and Them is deeply hard-wired in our brains, with an ancient evolutionary legacy. [\u2026] The automatic, unconscious nature of Us\/Them-ing attests to its depth.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cOur visceral, emotional views of Thems are shaped by subterranean forces we\u2019d never suspect. And then our cognitions sprint to catch up with our affective selves, generating the minute factoid or plausible fabrication that explains why we hate Them.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe all have multiple dichotomies in our heads, and ones that seem inevitable and crucial can, under the right circumstances, evaporate in an instant.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cReplace essentialism with individuation<\/em>: In one study, white subjects were asked about their acceptance of racial inequalities. Half were first primed toward essentialist thinking, being told, \u201cScientists pinpoint the genetic underpinnings of race.\u201d Half heard an anti-essentialist prime\u2014\u201cScientists reveal that race has no genetic basis.\u201d The latter made subjects less accepting of inequalities.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cDistrust essentialism. Remember that supposed rationality is often just rationalization, playing catch-up with subterranean forces we never suspect. Focus on shared goals. Practice perspective taking. Individuate, individuate, individuate.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au retour d\u2019une semaine de cyclotourisme o\u00f9 j\u2019ai repris contact avec la nature, je reprends tranquillement contact avec\u2026 vous ! Je dis tranquillement parce que je vais me contenter de vous faire part aujourd\u2019hui de deux articles lus durant mes vacances et qui r\u00e9sonnent bien avec le d\u00e9clenchement \u00e9lectoral que viennent de subir les Canadien.nes. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[983,926,927,928],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2029"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2032,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029\/revisions\/2032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.blog-lecerveau.org\/avance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}